Generations of computer

First generation

 The period of the first generation was 1940–1956.

 In the first generation of computers, vacuum tubes were used to control and transmit electronic signals, but a full-fledged computer was created, but the concept of the computer was first realized by them.  They were larger and generate more heat in the size of the tubes and were prone to breakage-foot and more malfunction and were also less capable of calculating and the first generation computers occupied more space.

 Batch processing operating systems were mainly used in this generation.  This generation used perforated cards, paper tape, magnetic tape input and output devices.

 Machine codes and electricity were the wired board languages ​​used.

 The main features of the first generation are:

•  Vacuum tube technology
•  machine language
•  very expensive
•  sheer size
•  Need ac

 Power consumption a lot

•  Some computers of this generation were:

•  ENIAC
•  Edvac
•  Univec
•  IBM-701

Second generation

The second generation period was 1956–1963

Transistors were invented in the second generation.  During this time, transistors were being used simultaneously in computers, which were more efficient and cheaper than valves.  Which were used in place of vacuum tubes for computer construction.  The transistor size is much smaller than that of vacuum tubes.  Which makes computers smaller and their ability to calculate more and faster.  Compared to the first generation, they were smaller in size and capable of generating less heat and calculating more efficiency and faster speed.
Like Fortran in this generation, the high-level programming language COBOL was used.

The main features of the second generation are:
l use of transistors
l smaller size than first generation computers
l Generate less heat than first generation computers

• Less power consumption than first generation computers
• faster than first generation computers
• very expensive
• Assmebly language
• Some computers of this generation were:
• IBM 1620
• IBM 7094
• Cdc 1604
• Cdc 3600
• Univec 1108

•  IBM-650

third generation

The third generation period was 1964–1971

Computers of this period could be used simultaneously.  This became the keystone of the third generation of synchronized chip development, technical efforts were made to further reduce the size of the computer, which resulted in the use of integrated circuits on silicon chips and used them in computers!  As a result, the computer was able to produce the smallest size ever!  Their speed was from micro seconds to nano seconds, which was possible through a small scale integrated circuit.
High level language (IV, COBOL, Pascal PL / 1, FORTRAN II for basic, ALGOL-68 etc.) were used during this generation.

The main features of the third generation are:

• ic used
•  more reliable
• Small Size
• generate less heat
•  fast
• Low maintenance
• still expensive
• need AC
• Reduce power consumption
•  High level language support

Some computers of this generation were:

IBM-360 Series
Honeywell-6000 series
PDP (Personal Data Processor)
IBM-370/168
TDC-316

Fourth generation

The fourth generation period was 1971–1985.

Microprocessors used in fourth generation computers!  VSLI  With the attainment of a single chip thousands of transistors could be installed.  Fourth-generation computers used about 5000 transistors and other circuit elements on a single chip and a large number of integrated VLSI circuits related to them.  Fourth-generation computers were more powerful, compact, reliable, and cheaper.  This resulted in the birth of the personal computer (PC) revolution.
In this generation the real time network distributed operating system was used.
All high-level languages ​​such as Adi were used in this generation.

The main features of the fourth generation are:

• Use of VLSI technology
• very cheap
• Portable and reliable
•  Use PC
• very small size
• pipeline processing

The concept of the Internet was introduced

• Great development in network
• Computer readily available

Some computers of this generation were:

Star 1000
PDP 11
Cray-1 (supercomputer)
Cray x (supercomputer)

Fifth generation

In this fifth stage of development, artificial intelligence has been invested in computers!  Such computers are not fully developed yet!  We can see such computers in robots and a variety of sound programs!  It will be more capable than humans.

The fifth generation includes:

Robotics
neural network
Development of expert systems for decision making in real-life situations.
Natural language understanding and generation.

The main features of the fifth generation are:

•  ULSI Technology
• Development of artificial intelligence
• Development of natural language resources
• Advances in parallel processing
• Advances in technology of superconductor
• More user friendly interface with multimedia features
• lAvailability of very powerful and compact computers at affordable rates.

Some computer types of this generation are:

The desktop
The laptop
Notebook
UltraBook
Chromebook
Generation in computer terminology is a change in a computer / technology being used.  Initially, the generation period was used to distinguish between different hardware technologies.  But nowadays, generation includes both hardware and software to create an entire computer system simultaneously.

Main five generations of computers

S.No.

Production and Description

1

first generation
First generation period: 1940–1956.  Vacuum tube based

2

Second generation
Second generation period: 1956–1963.  Transistor based.

3

third generation
Third Generation Period: 1964–1971.  Integrated circuit based.

4

Fourth generation
Fourth generation period: 1971–1985.  VLSI microprocessor based

5th generation

Fifth generation period: 1980-onwards.ULSI based microprocessor

Basics of computer